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Reconstructing the philosophy of education in the light of Islam
God calls to the Home of Peace.” (The Quran, 10:25)
The very word ‘Islam’ (from the Arabic silm) connotes peace. According to a tradition of the Prophet, ‘Peace is Islam’ (Al-Bukhari). This means that peace is one of the prerequisites of Islam. Similarly, a Hadith states: A Muslim is one from whose tongue and hands people are safe. One of the attributes of God described in the Quran is ‘As-Salam’, which means peace and security.’ That is to say that God’s Being itself is a manifestation of peace. Indeed, God is Peace (Al-Bukhari). In the Quran divine guidance is likened to the paths of peace. (5:16)
According to Islam, Paradise is the ideal human abode, and is thus called the ‘Home of Peace.’ It is also said that, the people of Paradise will wish peace to one another, indicating that the social culture of the people of Paradise will be based on peace. The Quran, avers that, ‘reconciliation is best’ (4:128), and judging by the consequences, the way of peace is far better than that of confrontation. By the law of Nature, God has decreed that success will be met with only on a reconciliatory path, and not on a confrontational or a violent course of action.
Whenever the Prophet had an option between two courses of action, he always chose the easier (non-confrontational) one. (Bukhari)
This means that, violent activism should not be indulged in if peaceful activism is an option. For, peace is the easier course as compared to violence.
For instance, trying to change the status quo in the very first stage of a movement is a hard option, while launching one’s activities in the available sphere without doing so is an easier option.
Going to war in confrontational situations is a hard option while following a conciliatory course in dealing with one’s rival is easier. Countering aggression with aggression is a hard option, while countering aggression with patience and forbearance is an easier option. An agitational course of action is harder than employing quiet strategy. Adopting a radical method of reformation is harder than that of following a gradual method. Taking emotional, extreme steps without a thought for their consequences creates difficulties. While a well-considered method, keeping an eye on the consequences, gives much better results. The policy of confrontation with a ruler is a harder option, while initiating one’s action; by sidestepping the ruler in the sphere of education and learning is an easier option. These instances show us the easier and harder options, as demonstrated by the Hadith.
The truth is that peace in Islam is the ‘rule’, while war is the ‘exception’. This is borne out by all the teachings of Islam and the practical life of the Prophet of Islam.
The Example of the Prophet Muhammad
The Prophet Muhammad received his first revelation in 610 A.D. in Makkah. God ordained that he carry out the mission of Tawheed (or oneness of God).
The house of the Kabah, which was built as the house of monotheism by the Prophet Abraham and his son Ishmael (peace be upon them), later on became a centre of polytheism with 360 idols in it. The first revelation might well have demanded the purification of the Kabah, which would have given rise to a serious problem. But the first revelation made in the Quran was:
Purify your vestments (74:4).
This means to purify one’s moral character. If, in the first stage the Prophet had been commanded to purify the Kabah while Makkah was still under the domination of the idolaters, this would have surely precipitated clash and confrontation. Therefore, according to the command of the first revelation, the Prophet continued to perform his prayers peacefully in the Kabah for a period of 13 years, even though it housed several hundred idols.
Kadangkala saya senyum sendirian membaca tulisan-tulisan lama oleh saya sendiri. Terasa betapa lantang dan vokalnya saya menulis pada masa itu. Kini setelah berusia, saya jadi lebih berhati-hati. Mana yang lebih baik? Entahlah, Allah yang Maha Mengetahui. Namun, yang pasti sewaktu muda-muda dahulu kita terlalu obses dengan pandangan sendiri. Dan memang sinis dan skeptik dengan pandangan orang lain yang berbeza. Setiap yang berbeza kerapkali ditafsirkan sebagai satu pertentangan.
Kini saya jelas, yang berbeza itu indah. Berbeza bukanlah masalah. Tetapi yang kerap menimbulkan masalah ialah SIKAP orang yang berbeza pandangan itu. Kerap kali sikap itulah yang menimbulkan perbalahan, bukan perbezaan itu. Malah pada banyak keadaan, perkara khilaf yang dipertikaikan menyebabkan terkorbannya akhlak budi yang lebih aulawiyat dipertahankan. Pernah agak saya selama setahun saya bingung dengan ‘school of thought’ yang berbagai-bagai aliran – salafi, sunni, sufi, wahabi dan sebagainya. Saya jadi pencari semula seperti pada zaman remaja dahulu…
Sering saya bertanya, dan sering juga saya ditanya. Kekadang oleh sebab kedangkalan ilmu saya banyak berdiam. Cuba terus belajar. Ke sana kemari, mendengar dan meneliti. Pada ketika itu saya berpegang kepada apa yang diyakini dan tinggalkan apa yang diragui. Namun saya tidak pernah menutup pintu untuk mendengar dan berbincang. Tetapi apa pun akhlak dan adab mesti dipertahankan. Jangan dicampur soal personel dan jurusan ilmu dan kaedah berfikir yang sifatnya lebih profesional.
Yang memertahankan qunut hingga meninggalkan solat berjemaah. Yang tidak berqunut, berhujjah sehingga mencarikkan ukhwah. Kenapa? Dia itu wahabi, tauhidnya uluhiyyah dan Rububiyyah. Dia itu As’ariah dan Maturidiah dengan jumud Sifat 20. Dia itu Salafi yang menentang bid’ah. Dia itu Sufi, yang asyik dengan tazkiatun nafsi. Dan kini di Malaysia, ada yang menjawab (bahkan menulis), “saya muslim Ahli Sunah” bila ditanya soalan, “apa agama kamu?”Ketika ditanya mengapa jawapan kamu begitu? Dia menjawab, “saya nak bezakan dengan muslim wahabi”
Ah, apakah ini langkah ke depan, atau langkah ke belakang atau langkah pusingan U?
Padahal sewaktu kecil dahulu kita diajar melalui Kitab Risalah Tauhid (tauhid), Mutaa Badrin (feqah), Penawar Bagi Hati (akhlak atau tasawuf). Itulah kitab yang mengenalkan kita kepada agama yang holistik. Kemudian bila meningkat dewasa, di universiti mula pula belajar Tauhid Uluhiyyah dan Rububiyyah. Ataupun melalui majlis usrah yang dikendalikan oleh para naqib dan mas’ul. Kedua-dua kaedah menuju matlamat yang sama – menanamkan roh tauhid. Tidak ada sebab untuk ‘bergaduh’. Memang ada perbezaannya, tetapi titik pertemuannya terlalu banyak!
Oleh sebab Al Ghazali menghentam Ibnu Sina dan Al Farabi dengan hujjahnya dalam al Munqizul minad Dalal dan Tahafut al Falasifah, saya yang begitu dekat dengan Ihya Ulumuddin turut mengambil sikap berhati-hati dengan Ibnu Sina dan tokoh-tokoh yang sewaktu dengannya. Tetapi bila Ibnu Sina disebut sebagai role model, saya tidak membantah. Mereka mungkin ada hujah yang tidak saya ketahui. Pada saya biarlah gajah sama gajah yang berhujjah, saya yang kancil ini ambil sahaja yang yakin, yang muktamad dan masyhur… itu pun belum dan tidak habis-habis untuk diamalkan.
Saya melihat kesan ilmu dan sumbernya. Bukan hanya melihat kesan tetapi meninggalkan sumber. Atau bukan hanya meneliti sumber tetapi meminggirkan kesan. Kedua-duanya harus sebati dan serasi. Akhlak adalah buah ibadah. Ibadah adalah buah ilmu. Ilmu itu sumber keyakinan dan kepercayaan. Alhamdulillah, kini saya rasa serabut iktilaf, furu’ dan bid’ah terungkai dengan jelas. Dalil di sana dan di sini kekadang sama setara dan seimbang. Tidak ada obsesi diri dan puak. Tidak ada kafir mengkafir. Tidak ada penyakit ‘ana khairu minhu – aku lebih baik daripada kamu!
List of the books in my library:
1. Quran saintifik-dr danial zainal abidin
2. Closing the leadership gap:why women can and must help run the world-marie c wilson
3. what is the origin of man:dr maurice bucaille
4. Arus tajdid:fikrah merentasi jemaah-dr asri zainul abidin
5. Lebam matanya:pakatan jahat politik-elias hj idris
6. Tasauf moden-prof dr hamka
7. Failed nations:concerning the malaysian natioanlities-rustam a sani
8. Dasar aparteid teradap wanita di malaysia-Dr Asri and the geng
9. Anjakan sikap dan budaya hidup bangsa-dato’ hj mohd nakhie hj ahmad
10. Fikh solat empat mazhab-menurut alquran dan hadis-syeikh abdul qadir ar rahbawi
11. the choice:islam and christian debate-ahmed deedat
12. zikir menurut alquran dan hadith-dr abdul halim mahmud
13. Chicken soup for the christian soul-Jack canfield,mark vactor hansen,Patty aubey,Nancy mitchell
14. Islam dan manusia:1001 kemusykilan-abdul hayei abdul shukor
15. Tony soprano on amnagement-anthony schneider
16. Is jesus god-debate between ahmed deedat and anis shorosh
17. Ketemu di alur zaman-Rustam A sani
18. Tokoh Islam abad moden jil 1-zainuddin hasyim dan ridhuan mohd nor
19. Kerelatifan dan einstein-prof YT chen dan prof mustamam karim
20. Menangkis pencemaran agama dan tokoh-tokohnya-dr asri zainul abidin
21. Budaya kreativiti:pameran 100 tahun hadiah nobel-editted by Ulf larsson
22. Syeikh muhammad bin abdul wahab:Antara fakta dan palsu-dr asri dan sahabat
23. fanatik mazhab:kesan kepada pemikiran umat-dr asri zainul abidin
24. hadith palsu:kesan terhadap imej islam-dr asri zainul abidin
25. Bible reading for teenagers-rev. Charles s. Mueller
26. the story of my exeriences with the truth-mahatma gandhi
27. Awaken to the budha hill-venerable shi wuling
28. Membangun ummah:suatu kenyataan bukan khayalan-prof dr yusuf al qaradhawi
29. Tsunami politik permatang pauh-ridhuan mohd nor
30. Jemaah islam dan ulama serta peranannya:panduan untuk para pendakwah-al faqir senik
31. Agar berjaya muassah zakat dalam penerapan masa kini(kumpulan kertas kerja )-prof dr yusuf al qaradhawi
32. benefitting ourselves and others(budhism)-venerable yin shun
33. Good question and answers(budhism)-s.dhamanika
34. sejarah hidup nabi-nabi-H.Salim Bahresy
35. Sejarah umat Islam-prof dr hamka
36. Insan kamil muhammad S.A.W-syeikh muhd alwy al maliki
37. Muqaddimah aqidah muslim-hj abdul hadi awang
38. Quranic law of attarction-rusdin s. Rauf
39. Ajaran tarikat tercabar-hj tajul arifin
40. Budhism:the wisdom of compassion and awakening-venerable master chin kung
41. gerakan fisabilillah jihad & cabarannya-abdul qadir al djaelani
42. falsafah alquran-muhammad yunus
43. qisasul anbiya-ibnu kathir
44. Brilliant answer for tough interview question-susan hodgson
45. u can reach the top-zig ziglar
46. Mengemudi bahtera perubahan minda-dr asri zainul abidin
47. Malaysia “bail out”:capital control,restructuring and recovery-Woong sook ching,Jomo K.S & chin kok fay
anybody in kyuem that interested in borrowing some of my collection,u r more than welcome to inform me...i had read these books and it is my pleasure to spread the knowledge to anybody who are interested
List of the books that i have read from the library:
1. Mitos peribumi malas-syed hussein al attas
2. Islam and secularism-syed naquib al attas
3. malay dillemma-dr mahathir mohammad
4. The challenge-dr mahathir mohammad
5. Gelombang kebangkitan asia-Anwar ibrahim
6. The great theft:wrestling islam and the extremist- dr khaled aboue el fadl
7. The philosophy of science:islamic and western perspectives-muhammad mumtaz ali
8. saya pun melayu-zaid ibrahim
9. Universiti kedua:tahanan di bawah ISA-kassim ahmad
10. teori sosiaL Moden islam-kassim ahmad
11. Mencari jalan pulang:Dari sosialisme kepada islam-kassim ahmad
12. Islam liberal-Dr asri zainul abidin
13. Pertelingkahan para sahabat nabi:Antara ketulenan fakta dan pembohongan sejarah-dr asri ainul abidin
14. Falsafah ketuhanan-Prof Dr hamka
15. Tunku abdul rahman:his life and time-mubin shepard
16. aku terima nikahnya-hasrizal jamil
17. Islam and democracy-john l esposito
18. A critical thinking:through an Islamic perspective-muhammad mumtaz ali
19. Ke luar jendela-dato’ dr hassan ahmad
20. Malaysia in transition-abdul razak baginda
21. Obama,islam dan Israel-
22. Long nightmares:my 17 years as the political prisoner-said zahari
23. Muslim rights in non-muslim majority country-editted by IIUM
24. i am a muslim-dina zaman
25. crosscurrent-farish a noor
26. making happy people:the nature of happiness and its origin childhood-paul martin
27. Mahathir:antara cita-cita dan impian-susunan harun derauh dan shafie nor
28. Global ethic or global hegemony-chandra muzaffar
29. Japan: the coming social crisis-Jon woronoff
30. Hakikat kewujudan Allah-Prof dr ysuf al qaradawi
31. Sejarah pemikiran yunani-muhammad hatta
32. sejarah tuhan:budhism,atheism,kristian dan islam-dr rahim awang
33. Islam in transition-editted by john j.Donohue and John l.esposito
these are the books that i have go through during my long holiday,and believe me these books are quite awesome and useful in facing ur daily life,widened our gaze and expanding our way of thinking,and perhaps do cmmentt some of ur book that u might want to suggest 2 me...thanks
List: the 100 leading intellectuals
2 Muhammad Yunus
3 Yusuf al-Qaradawi
4 Orhan Pamuk
5 Aitzaz Ahsan
6 Amr Khaled
7 Abdolkarim Soroush
8 Tariq Ramadan
9 Mahmood Mamdani
10 Shirin Ebadi
11 Noam Chomsky
12 Al Gore
13 Bernard Lewis
14 Umberto Eco
15 Ayaan Hirsi Ali
16 Amartya Sen
17 Fareed Zakaria
18 Garry Kasparov
19 Richard Dawkins
20 Mario Vargas Llosa
21 Lee Smolin
22 Jürgen Habermas
23 Salman Rushdie
24 Sari Nusseibeh
25 Slavoj Zizek
26 Vaclav Havel
27 Christopher Hitchens
28 Samuel Huntington
29 Peter Singer
30 Paul Krugman
31 Jared Diamond
32 Pope Benedict XVI
33 Fan Gang
34 Michael Ignatieff
35 Fernando Henrique Cardoso
36 Lilia Shevtsova
37 Charles Taylor
38 Martin Wolf
39 EO Wilson
40 Thomas Friedman
41 Bjorn Lomborg
42 Daniel Dennett
43 Francis Fukuyama
44 Ramachandra Guha
45 Tony Judt
46 Steven Levitt
47 Nouriel Roubini
48 Jeffrey Sachs
49 Wang Hui
50 VS Ramachandran
51 Drew Gilpin Faust
52 Lawrence Lessig
53 JM Coetzee
54 Fernando Savater
55 Wole Soyinka
56 Yan Xuetong
57 Steven Pinker
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